Afrocentrism (i.e. misinfo on human evolution) is based on our pity for the devastation islam's* >1000yrs of enslavement, "religious" colonialism and genocides caused on African people
* Although there is not the slightest doubt about islam being against Human Rights and having been the worst slave raider/trader history knows about we are still bombarded with sleazy politically correct deceptive excuses of what is the very nature of islam's original genocidal terrorism/robbery/murdering/enslaving evilness. Yes, there was slavery before islam but only islam institutionalized slavery (incl. sex slavery) as its very ideological soul and finance. The root formula of islam is slavery+"infidel" racism+sex segregated rapetivism+anti human rights Sharia/apostasy ban and is the only explanation that fits both the text in the Koran and historical facts. The "peaceful islam" described by pc people and lying imams would never have won any battle or power. Islamic finance/reproduction was solely based on taking slaves. Talking Koranic Arabic, i.e. being muslim, was the religious excuse for taking "infidel" slaves, and actually the most important reason for muslim attacks against non-muslims or wrong-muslims. In Africa it started with smaller scale Jewish slave traders from southern Arabian peninsula but with the introduction of Arabic islam most of the African slave trade became Koranic.
However, this Afrocentrism also contributed to the heavy misinterpretation of evolution that has terribly skewed our understanding of what it is to be human.
From Africans seeing Westerners as gods to Africans seeing Westerners as evil, Africans now have to face the unavoidable fact that they have themselves become "Westerners". However, some Africans still try not to face the mirror and instead turn to the only really true evil, namely islam. Unlike the West's lack of any unified "moral lesson" to Africans, Saudi spread islam is deliberately evil when compared to the most basic Human Rights.
Not only is Saudi Arabia the by far worst environmental polluter per capita, its oil fueled islamic Wahhabism ideology (i.e. based on the origin of islam) is also the worst mind polluter and behind most street jihad globally, performed by 'lone muslim wolves' as well as organized muslim gangs.
And the fact that Human Rights don't approve of evil and hence may not be that attractive for evil personalities as islam is, should not be an excuse. The simple formula is that the more you embrace islam the more evil you become. It also explains why there are so many "nice muslims", i.e. "muslims" who out of ignorance or opportunism distance themselves from true islam while out of fear (apostasy is the worst crime in islam) or opportunism continue to call themselves "proud muslims".
What is a scientific theory?
Focus, presearch and conclusions are all vulnerable to bias/prejudice.
A scientific theory is a set of statements or principles devised to explain a group of facts or phenomena. It ought to be formulated in such a way that falsification is in principle possible and that it can be used to make predictions. Not every detail of a scientific theory needs to be fully correct (compare Darwin's theory on evolution). A scientific theory is an idea that may be complex but still fits solid data and fills up the unknown/uncertainty between these data, and is suggested or presented as possibly true but not yet known or proven to be true. Later data may completely dismiss the main body of the theory or just slightly alter aspects of it without changing its foundation.
If you are able to be neutral and without prejudice against Klevius you don't need the embarrassing personal data about Klevius below. Just jump down to below the map to continue.
Acknowledgement: Correct him if he is wrong but Klevius seems to have been first* in the world (compare his discussion abt the extremely big brained 280,000 bp (at the least 260,000bp acc. to a Chinese expert but closer to some 200,000+ acc. to Westerners - yet older than any "modern" in Africa) female Jinniushan skull in northern China in his 1992 book) to seriously hypothize and later theorize the fact that cold adaptation (mongoloid features) has been found all over the world (except Australia and some surroundings) among native inhabitants, and that the racial mix and distribution can only be explained by turning the map upside down, i.e. modern humans spreading from the north to the south while interbreeding with archaic ones. Moreover, because we know that humans are more related to chimps than any other primates and that bipedal ape like hominin relatives to humans used to be pygmy sized and with brain capacities similar to or barely exceeding chimps, we also know that brain and body size grew in the north so that our closest relative, the Neanderthal man, had the biggest brain of all yet wasn't capable of anything near certain (northern) aspects of the so called Aurignacian culture (watch up for stretched definitions though). So something more than a big brain was necessary. Initially in 1992 Klevius thought the secret lied in the chimp/hominin hybridization in the jungle/savannah borders and due increase and decrease of size. However, with the discovery of Homo floresiensis in SE Asia it seemed much more likely that the changing island/mainland history there was a much better environment for human brain evolution. And when some of the small brained but clever floresiensis like creatures were freed from their island prisons by decreased sea level due to iceage (and possible changes in the volatile sea bottom over there) they started mixing with their dumb mainland relatives (erectus? - Red Deer Cave?) all the way up to the north (compare Denisovan). And because the western Eurasia was inhabited with Neanderthals and the eastern Eurasia with mongolized erectus, we then got the racial pattern we have today because of backmigration.
Today ALL serious anthropologists agree with Klevius that the simple out of Africa myth is completely misleading. It is against this background "scientists" like Chris Stringer shouldn't be taken seriously anymore - yet BBC uses him as their main commentator! Why? Because he is politically correct in his blindfolded and extremely biased fantasies. There is not the slightest evidence that what we define as humans came "out of Africa". When should we see an African criticize Chris Stringer as the one who criticized Bob Geldof in Klevius previous posting?
* Klevius excuses for thinking he can use his brain in the service of human well being. Yes, it sounds pompostruos but is in fact just the opposite. However, precisely because of the easy way out dismissal strategy many biased people reveal when facing for them uncomfortable analysis, this embarassing self portraial seems necessary. Klevius just happens to tick three important boxes without being able to take personal credit for any of them:
1 One of the biggest well functioning brains in the world (need measurments, scans or transmittor stability?). When Klevius girlfriend tried to lure him into riding horses, he was saved by Finland's biggest riding accessory store's inability to deliver a helmet big enough despite a half bald thin haired skull. Moreover, Klevius skull bones are less robust than most Europeans, i.e. more like East Asians. Klevius scored highest among visitors at Munchen's technological museum on a reaction test. Klevius sister scored highest in IBM's talent hunt and Klevius father was Sweden's perhaps best chessplayer. Klevius uncles had both double degrees in economy and engineering and led two of Finland's biggest companies. When Klevius did the military IQ test in Sweden they didn't tell the scores but the psychologist (that everyone had to face) said 'whatever happens to you in your future life - don't try to blame it on your brain' - which was what he actually did by calling himself 'mentally impaired' e.g. when talking with ordinary people and trying to politely listen to the last sentence although he already got it in the first part of the first sentence (the smart ones among you readers certainly recognize this social "prob. Add to this Klevius upbringing and adult life in the world's most liberal and modern countries without religious or political restrictions/brainwashing. Despite having a lot of social engagement with both sexes no one has accused Klevius of anything even close to inappropriate. Klevius has never been accused of a crime, and the only way to do so seems to be to accuse him in accordance with sharia for defending everyone's Human Right. If this isn't enough for you please read everything Klevius has written. You won't find anything to criticize without using sharia. All in all, these points seem to add some creedence to the value of the thoughts Klevius produces, or...?
2 Because of a series of strange events outside Klevius own control he came not to follow a normal academic career. In fact, his forst contact with a professor was Georg Henrik von Wright (who succeeded Wittgenstein at Cambridge). von Wright's encouragment led to the publishing of Demand for Resources (1992). All in all, this a-academic yet highly theoretical approach of Klevius left him without academic bias. That's also why Klevius definition of science and its methodologies and methods lack the usual "amendments" used to open up for subjectivism/bias in favor of a particular but supposedly hidden agenda.
3 Being a bi-lingual (Swedish/Finnish) Finland Swede born in Sweden with a Finnish mother (Helsinki) and Swedish father (Gothenburg) Klevius had no problem to be a non-socialist a-theist in accordance with what his intelligence saw as the only possible way of building a morality that covered every human being, hence excluding racism and sexism.
Some common abbreviations used by genetists on human evolution:
ENA Eastern non African
ANE Ancient North Eurasian
WHG West European Hunter-Gatherer
MHG Mesolithic Hunter Gatherer
To describe the situation right now Klevius comments on recent comments made by genetists re. the DNA of a 36,000 bp modern human from Kostenki (K14) in the European part of Russia (the proposed home area of Uralic languages):
Denisova harbors something chimp-like that isn't shared with the Altai Neanderthal. This might be a signal of the introgression from an unidentified archaic hominin.
Klevius answer/comment: Floresiensis* (from SE Asia and dating from at least 38,000 to 13,000 bp with associated tools from 95,000 bp) was 'chimp-like' except for being a slightly better bipedal walker and a much better thinker although with the same brain volume as a chimp. Btw, it was islam that contributed to the theft and destruction of important parts of the religiously contentious material (in the form of muslim Indonesia's head anthropologist Teuku Jacob of the time).
* Do note that because of the mainly religiously motivated/sponsored objections to this (together with Denisovan) most revolutionary discovery in anthropology so far, a lot of unfounded/illfounded almost hysterical alternative "explanations" were proposed. However, rest assured, there is no doubt whatsoever that floresiensis is for real. Klevius said it ten years ago and you will agree even more 2024!
Ust'-Ishim (a 45,000 bp so called modern human from northern west-Siberia) also appears to harbor Papuan-like ancestry not shared with Kostenki14.
Klevius answer/comment: There are at least two types of 'Papuan-like' ancestry. The one that wasn't island dwarfed and the one effected by it.
All contemporary non-Africans, except Australo-Melanesians, are closer to either Mal’ta (MA1) or MHGs than to K14 [e.g., Z = -5.3, for D (Mbuti, Han; Loschbour, K14); SOM S9; table S10; fig. S19].”
Klevius answer/comment: Last glacial maximum (LGM) and its refuge areas.
Among Eurasians, Papuans and Melanesians furthest from K14.
Klevius answer/comment: If K14 (Kostenki) had got the new genetic brain setup that would of course made them different than those who never left the islands in SE Asia.
The question remains whether Kostenki 14 has Denisovan ancestry.
Klevius answer/comment: It probably had and a paper will likely appear soon.
Kostenki 14 is partly of Basal Eurasian origin.
Klevius answer/comment: Naturally.
Oceanians are closer to Kostenki than to Stuttgart, and closer to Kostenki than to Mal'ta or Loschour. This is very weird to me.
Klevius answer/comment: Malta is more than 10,000 years younger than K14 and hence reflects more mixing. However, Oceanians, although much younger than K14, are furthest away and hence retain some of the original features from SE Asia that they got primarily via taking women of this original trait, i.e. best reflected in mtDNA analysis from that area.
K14 behaves like papuans or South Asians and unlike all other Eurasians, by scoring non-noise level of African at low K.
Klevius answer/comment: Yes.
The populations in Siberia closer to Ajvide and Motala + Evens instead of Gokhem or Iceman + Evens are exclusively Uralic populations, plus Kets. This is interesting because Nganassan and Ket typically get their own component in ADMIXTURE at high K, and this is found amongst Uralic pops usually. It is a secondary component amongst Siberian Altaics like Yakut, who get a more East Asian, less Siberian component on top of the Nganassan one.
Uralic expanded from somewhere east, and the easternmost pops of Uralic are more East Asian than the westernmost ones, so this seems to imply that at the time of the Uralic expansion a scandinavian HG-like pop was still living in much of the Taiga, which got overprinted by the oncoming Uralic wave.
Klevius answer/comment: Yes. Moreover, due to bias/prejudice the importance of Uralic has for long been downplayed - even by Finnish anthropologists/genetists/linguists.
Also, the fact that West Eurasian introgression into Siberians from the Ob-Yenisei requires 1) a West Eurasian Population that has no basal, thus no modern Europeans, 2) something that is not too ANE-rich like Mal'ta, 3) a conbination of WHG and ANE like Motala so far east in Siberia, means that the situation in Siberia must have been very complex.
Klevius answer/comment: Indeed, what else could you expect from the birthplace of modern humans.
I've seen similar admixture edges from the Denisova/Neanderthal branch to the Oceanians in my own runs, but didn't think these were anything but the usual signals of Denisova-related ancestry in Oceania.
Klevius answer/comment: Probably because you stubbornly kept keeping the theoretical genetic map upside down.
I've even seen an edge from near the Mbuti to Papuans. But I haven't been able to split this signal into Denisova and something else further up the tree.
Klevius answer/comment: It's diffuse because it's behind the island dwarfism scenario.
Ancestors of) Papuans & Mamanwa(Phil.) travelled through Central Asia meeting Denisovans and continued to China coast & east rim of SE Asia to Papua. Unlike pygmies(Andaman, Queensland, Flores), they did not follow the Indian Ocean coast eastward from Africa.
Klevius answer/comment: No, it was Denisovan that travelled through Central Asia and then genetically drowned in the big brained humans of the north.
For some time now I have thought that Papuans must have admixture with a pre-sapiens SE Asian population. Perhaps that explains the reasonably high Denisova element in them as well. And with Y-DNA K2(xK2a) apparently originating in SE Asia and K2b2 spreading around the world from there we have an explanation...
Klevius answer/comment: Good thinking, albeit quite late considering floresiensis was discovered back in 2004.
"...Certain cranial features, including very narrow braincase, low and narrow face, marked prognathism (anterior protrusion of the midface), and very wide nose, are typical of tropical populations. The trait combination links the cranium with those of Papuans and Melanesians".
Klevius answer/comment: Yes.
Why do San and Chinese have eye folds and Papuans don't.
Klevius answer/comment: I'm terribly sorry for you having missed Klevius writings on the web for a decade and in book form for more than two decades. I started thinking about it in late 1980s when I met some South Africans who had been with San.
Why do Ainu look like a lighter skinned cross between San and Papuans?
Klevius answer/comment: See above. Also consider the title of the last chapter in Klevius 1992 book: Khoe, San, and Bantu (which should rather have been San, Khoe, and Bantu to be chronologically correct but should then have missed the important linguistic 'Khoe-San' concept).
The autosome of K14 is closer to WHGs, implying that the pop he came from descended from another that gave rise to ANE, which in turn came from another pop that gave rise to ENA (Oceanian (ASI-Dai)). This is a sequential pattern of splits from the East, and the autosome is not subject to the same kind of information loss as haploid genetics is.
Klevius answer/comment: Seems not to conflict with Klevius theory.
"...Certain cranial features, including very narrow braincase, low and narrow face, marked prognathism (anterior protrusion of the midface), and very wide nose, are typical of tropical populations. The trait combination links the cranium with those of Papuans and Melanesians.
Certain other Upper Paleolithic crania from Europe, too, display “tropical†features. Bodily proportions of Early Upper Paleolithic people reveal southern characteristics as well. This also concerns the arm proportions of the Markina Gora individual, whose forearm was relatively long compared to the shoulder.
http://www.kunstkamera.ru/en/temporary_exhibitions/virtual/gerasimov/09
It seems that early pops in temperate Eurasia all had a rather undifferentiated 'Papuanoid' morphology, pointing to tropical origins in recent periods.
the same basic people("meta-population)" lived from Europe-central Asia for a span of at least 30,000 years, who "exchanged genes in a very complex network
Klevius answer/comment: A back-migration through archaic sapien territory inevitably means exchanging genes in a complex network - especially considering that the back migrants harbored the new brain setup among some/many of them.
With regard to exactly where K14 is in ANE-WHG:
"An interpretation of the above results would be that K14 is an early member of a lineage leading to western Eurasian MHGs, after their split from the proposed ancestral northern Eurasian lineage including MA1. However, D-statistics of the form D(Mbuti Pygmy, Modern; Ancient, K14), which test whether K14 and an ancient individual form a clade with respect to a modern population, reject this simple tree-like relationship. We find that all contemporary non-Africans, except Australo-Melanesians, are closer to either Mal’ta (MA1) or MHGs than to K14 [e.g., Z = -5.3, for D (Mbuti, Han; Loschbour, K14); SOM S9; table S10; fig. S19]. This would suggest a basal position of K14 with respect to MHGs and ancient north Eurasians, which is also shown in admixture graphs using TreeMix (SOM S12; fig. S24 and S25). In addition, a sizeable component of K14’s ancestry observed in the model-based clustering analyses is predominant in contemporary Middle Eastern/Caucasus (ME/C) populations and Neolithic ancient genomes (NEOL) (Gok2, Iceman, Stuttgart), but absent in MA1 or MHGs (Fig. 1B and fig. S20). This component has been associated with a suggested “basal Eurasian” lineage contributing to NEOL, to explain an observed increase in allele sharing between MHGs / MA1 and East Asians compared to NEOL (21). Since K14 shows the same pattern as NEOL, a parsimonious explanation would be that K14 also derives some ancestry from a related “basal Eurasian” lineage. Consistent with this hypothesis, we find that East Asians are equally distant to NEOL and K14 using D-statistics as described above."
Klevius answer/comment:
1) Kostenki (K14) shows the most similarity with WHG and lesser with modern day Europeans.
- The greatest affinity by f3 is with loschour, and secondarily with La Brana and Scandinavian HGs.
- The greatest component in ADMIXTURE for K14 is shared with N. and E. Europeans.
- f3 stats show the most affinity with Europeans.
- For pairs of pop incl. European and East Asian, K14 is closer to European.
- f3 results are robust to contamination.
2) All pops other than Oceanians are closer to WHG samples or MA-1 than to K14.
3) ADMIXTURE shows K14 share some protion of a component in Neols and Near Easterns.
4) From 2) + 3), K14 had basal Eurasian.
- East Asian equally distant from K14 and Stuttgart using D-stats (!)
5) Siberians from the Ob and Yenisei closer to European than to K14, but closer to Scandinavian WHG than to European, and closer to Scandinavian WHG than to Mal'ta. The best mix not European + Even Siberians, or Mal'ta + Even Siberians, but Motala + Even Siberians, implying early gene flow prior to Mesolithic.
6) K14 has higher Neanderthal segment length than modern pops and later aDNA. Authors draw same conclusion as those for Ust-Ishim, aka 54kya, OOA.
7) Restricting 'analysis to areas without evidence for neaderthal-introgressed haplotypes in contemporary humans results in 0% estimated ancestry for most individuals except K14, where 0.9+-0.4% Neanderthal ancestry is still detected.' Authors attribute this to selection out or drifting out of neand till modern times, or further neand input into K14. No evidence for introgression from other unknown archaics.
8) 'Our results show no close genetic relationship between K14 Australo-Melanesians, and support earlier studies that Australo-Melanesians derive part of their ancestry from an early population divergence that pre-dates the separation of Europeans and East Asians' (!)
Klevius answer/comment: Of course, except for the questionable concept 'modern day Europeans'. What would be 'modern day Asians of Africans?
Peter Klevius theory on human evolution as presented 2004 on the web
Later findings in genetic research has forced Klevius, not to change the basic idea (a small but well packed tropical brain that expanded and culturally developed in the cold north and then globally back migrated) but to add more focus on SE Asia than Africa. The main text is pre-floresiensis, i.e. brief notes abt floresiensis were added later (2004-6 and in bold) without changing the body of the theory. Remember that the theory is anchored in Klevius 1992 discussion about Jinnuishan, Aborigines, Khoe-San and how the brain works (ISBN9173288411). Some details can be questioned now but it will here be strongly argued that there hasn't been available any other theory that gets even remotely as close to the latest findings. Whereas most anthropologists today admit they are confused and surprised Klevius is much less so as you can easily see from the below and his 1992 books.
http://klevius.info/Humandiaspora.html?1085339285543
Out of Africa: How a wrinkled/complex African "Pygmy"*1) brain became "human"/"Mongoloid"* in cold Asia
Human rights, anti-racism/sexism, and a global worldview. without separatism*2) by Peter Klevius KLEVUX
Klevius' hypothesis on human evolution (Discuss/refute it via Klevius' Anthropology Blog):
Hypothesis assembled in public in May 2004 (Original idea from 1992 Demands for Resources).
Link to a pile of open questions related to the hypothesis below. Please add, answer or correct!
Link to "A Nomenclature System for the Tree of Human Y-Chromosomal Binary Haplogroups"
Link to a good background "...that a large component of the present Khoisan gene pool is eastern African in origin and that Asia was the source of a back migration (>20 kyr) to sub-Saharan Africa..."
Anthropologists often suffer from a serious, modern blindness/fear to the meaning of biokinship. This will heavily affect their capability of interpreting foreign, not to say extinct cultural behaviour and social settings (see e.g. P. Klevius 1992 on Popper's World III and "primitivism" and 1996 on the Social State and Klevius' Definition of Religion). This individualism (see World Values Survey) bias might be of particular concern regarding our understanding of sexual selection (also see From Klevius without love), shamanism etc. How does a woman "select" the "right" sperm in a tribal, non-monogamic/-close relatives (endogamy/exogamy - see Kinship Atom) sexual context when she has only ONE chance per 1-5 yrs? Actually most parental investment and sexual selection theories seem to suffer from an individualistic perspective. Sexual selection in the form of "rapetivism" (Y/X balance) is yet another source of confusion. The stupid Hamilton's rule is as wrong as every such analysis!
Did the "Aurignacian"*) revolution (starting some 40.000? ya) from Lake Baycal**) to Europe create the multi-racial single-species we now consider the "real, global humans"?
text written mainly 2003-2004 with some small additions abt floresiensis 2004-2006. Not touched upon since 2006.*) An advanced tool technology that is solely associated with modern humans and which originated outside Africa. M. Otte in The Aurignacian in Asia: "...discoveries in central Asia permit the distribution of Aurignacian to be extended far beyond Europe, which brings into question the hypothesis of a direct African origin for modern humans."
**) According to S. Wells modern humans spread to Europe (M173) and NEast-Asia (M242) from Central-Asia/Mid-Siberia (M45).
Also note: "Native Siberian populations represent one of the least studied groups in the world".
"...current data indicate a very early development of a “transitional” or early Upper Paleolithic industry in Central Asia."
It seems (P. Klevius 1992) that there has been a marked acceleration in brain development after 400 kya in Central and East Asia. This is consistent with recent findings suggesting more frequent and pronounced climate variations during the period. The last major stage of modern human evolution started (?) less than 50-80 kya (also see Out of Africa again and again) perhaps with small "pygmies" (perhaps descending from ape to human hybridization - see Homo floresiensis below as well as the close chimp/Neanderthal connection) with brains that were more wrinkled/complex (e.g. ASPM) than those of the Neanderthals/Erectus/-Pekingensis/Java man and early moderns (also consider map of race distribution below). They spread/developed - like the earlier Levallois-Mousterian tool tradition - (partly due to climate variation) through two different channels (the Levant and the African Horn respectively) a) towards the vast and challenging but also rewarding Central Asia/Siberia (mongoloid traits more than 50 kya? and M173 exported to Europe from Siberia more than 30 kya - see e.g. S. Wells 2002) and b) along the South Asian coust-line (Negritos, M130? less than 50-60 kya, but see South Asia, the Andamanese, and the Genetic Evidence for an “Early” Human Dispersal out of Africa). Late archeological and linguistic traces of the northern route may also be connected to the first Scandinavians, in southern Mesolithic Finland and the west/northern Fosna-Hensbacka culture (extending to the far north-western Norway). Phylogeographic data from Britain indicate shared ancestry across the north of Europe from Norway to Estonia, possibly reflecting common ancestors dating back to the last glacial epoch. The southern route may also have contributed to the Central-Asian lineage. Because of different climate conditions the southern pygmies/Negritos (see Genetic affinities of the Andaman islanders) did not change much (before they met the Mongoloids from the North - this view will also solve puzzling y-chromosome similarities) whereas the northern route (M89/9, less than 50 kya) created more fair-skinned, taller and heavier "mongoloids" (so called "minor local contribution"). Shovel-shaped incisors in both Erectus and Sapiens indicate gene flow and/or shared gene stock/hybridization/drift, or simply an unknown local adaptation. A northern climate with plenty of proteins etc. enforced cultural changes (e.g. longevity and due multi-generational cultural wisdom collected and transfered by the elderly) and changed physical appearance (mongoloid, i.e. adaptation for coldness/darkness/brightness) without the latter necessarily having any direct impact on the former. The distance to the southern Europe (northern Europe was under the glacial maximum) was too short to avoid direct mixing thus making it impossible to create a distinct new "race" ("...the Europeoid movement is clearly fixed at Lake Baikal"). Genes were "pumped" back and forth through mostly the same geographical "veins" by frequent climate changes, hence prohibiting speciation but encouraging local "raciation". When the "mongoloids" returned - through the same routes and/or through M175 or the East-Asian routes (Negritos have shovel-shaped incisors and other mongoloid traits) - with main clashing points perhaps somewhere in southern China (also compare Taiwan & Gm ab3st) and Southwest Asia. Eurasia "would be the logical homeland of the proto-U6 that came back to Africa and spread in its northwest area around 30,000 ya" . The "source area could lie equally in
northeast Africa, the Arabian peninsula, or even across towards Iran and northwest India". They (i.e. the genes - compare e.g. DYS 391-9 allele - only common among Siberians/Mongolians/Amerinds - in the background of M130T) met (widely in time and space) and "re-shaped" most of the Negritos and remaining older moderns and laid the basis for today's racial pattern (compare Hammer et al 1998). In this scenario the mongoloid traits in Khoisan/Sandawe originated in Asia (also see Khoi, San and Bantu in Klevius 1992 for a socio-cultural interpretation) but ended up in southern Africa (a kind of genetic escapism in "demographic refuges", that actually made them visible) after having met with the non-Pygmy and taller black population and contributed to the appearance of North-Africans/Caucasoid people ("Paradoxically, genetic comparisons of Khoisan and Ethiopian populations show both polarity and affinity". It is noteworthy that only Negritos and Khoisan seem to share steatopygia (compare Venus figurines from Baykal to Europe), and that Khoisan and mongoloids have shovel-shaped incisors (i.e. I suggest that we might find both "original" and "mongolized" click-speakers in Africa less than 37 kya and more than 20 kya). When the already "mongolized" mix of farmers we use to name Caucasoids eventually met with the northern mongoloids they created the blond, Scandinavian type. East Finland, where the lightest people on Earth seems to have evolved, was a straight, dark dead end for farming arriving from southeast (also see Are Finnish related languages Europe's oldest?). Is this related to the haplogroup X mystery? What about blondness in young Australoids? The pattern is also reflected in different genetic studies (see e.g. a possible description of relative genetic distance among Europeans and racial comments). This hypothesis is strongly supported by Diego positive blood distribution and is especially appealing because most (outside East Asia) seem to avoid it (i.e. I don't believe in my own skills as much as in the striking self-explanatory inevitability of such a picture). An interesting mutation called RPS4YC711T may play a part in future revelations, as may the scattered distribution of YAP+ in Tibet, Japan and southern China, (but less in between or in Siberia). It is also noteworthy that speciation or lack of it interacts in a "sex-biased" way, i.e. may follow/disrupt either through the Y or the X chromosome. But although we have just started a genetic revolution, physical appearance may still be of great interest for the puzzle, not for racist interpretations but precisely because our understanding of how genetic interaction appears physically is so limited and our capability to visually recognize faces etc. is so extraordinary (also compare From Klevius without Love - on heterosexual attraction, kinship and friendship). For more on the hypothesis see Klevius Anthropology Blog - NEWS, DISCUSSION & PECULIARITIES!
"They (the North African Fulanis) despise the Black populations to their South, describing them as ‘hyenas, apes, and asses’"
"The million-dollar question of the origin and dispersal of the classical Negroids". Can we even handle the answer and/or are the "pure" Negroids long since already gone? The factual state of Africa's diverse gene pool seems plausible within a pattern of a long distance back and forth migration. One might also compare the above with the earlier rapid transition from African Ergaster to the more advanced Asian Erectus. Furthermore there seems to be an unnecessary bias connected to the geographical "Africa". Why, for example, emphasize (that's what the Afro-American black man Mr White says) the Herto moderns 154-160 kya, abt 1.400 cc as "Africans" (compare Jinniushan, northern China 250-280 kya, abt 1.400 cc)? A look at the map (African/Asian border) makes such interpretations, at the best, ridiculous, and at the worst almost like the racist 19th Century "European" "findings". Like "This Eurocentric view of equating AMH with UP tools...." Although the pics (and links) below are choosen with care to describe and enlighten the hypothesis above, please don't hesitate to comment or suggest improvements. As a proponent for basic (negative) UN Human Rights in a future Global Village I don't believe in races other than as historical descriptions of evolutionary events. I'm particularly offended by religious white/black, "caucasoid/negroid" racism (a "mongolized bastard caucasoid whitey" myself).